Lub xeev ua kua yog lub xeev nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev cov khoom thiab lub xeev gaseous.Cov khoom hlau yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov nplej, cov hlau gaseous yog tsim los ntawm ib qho atoms uas zoo li elastic spheres, thiab cov kua hlau yog tsim los ntawm ntau pawg atoms.
1. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kua hlau
Lub xeev ua kua yog lub xeev nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev cov khoom thiab lub xeev gaseous.Cov khoom hlau yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov khoom siv lead ua, cov hlau gaseous yog tsim los ntawm ib qho atoms uas zoo li elastic spheres, thiab cov kua hlau yog tsim los ntawm ntau pawg atomic, thiab lawv cov qauv muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no.
(1) Txhua pawg atomic muaj txog li kaum rau ntau pua lub atoms, uas tseem tuav lub zog ruaj khov hauv pawg atomic thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom.Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib raug zoo ntawm pawg atomic yog qhov puas tsuaj heev, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pawg atomic yog qhov loj thiab xoob, zoo li muaj qhov.
(2) Cov atomic pawg uas tsim cov kua hlau tsis ruaj khov, qee zaum loj hlob thiab qee zaum me dua.Nws tseem tuaj yeem tawm hauv pawg atomic hauv pawg thiab koom nrog lwm pawg atomic, lossis tsim cov pawg atomic.
(3) Qhov nruab nrab loj thiab ruaj khov ntawm pawg atomic muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kub thiab txias.Qhov siab dua qhov kub, qhov me me qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pawg atomic thiab qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua.
(4) Thaum muaj lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau, vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov atoms sib txawv, cov atoms uas muaj zog binding zog zoo li sib sau ua ke thiab tawm tsam lwm cov atoms tib lub sijhawm.Yog li ntawd, kuj muaj inhomogeneity ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm atomic pawg, uas yog, concentration fluctuations, thiab tej zaum kuj tsis ruaj tsis khov los yog ruaj khov tebchaw tsim.
2. Melting thiab Dissolving
Thaum lub sij hawm smelting txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau, muaj ob lub simultaneous txheej txheem ntawm melting thiab dissolution.Thaum cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau ib qho kub, nws pib yaj, thiab nws cov thermodynamic mob yog overheating.Dissolution txhais tau hais tias cov khoom hlau yog eroded los ntawm cov hlau yaj thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov kev daws kom paub txog cov txheej txheem transformation ntawm cov khoom rau cov kua.Dissolution tsis xav tau cua sov, tab sis qhov siab dua qhov kub, qhov nrawm nrawm dua.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsuas yog thaum lub melting point ntawm lub alloying ntsiab yog siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov tooj liab alloy tov, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom alloying nkag mus rau hauv lub yaj yog ib tug ntshiab dissolution txheej txheem.Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov tooj liab alloys, cov khoom siv hlau, npib tsib xee, chromium thiab manganese nrog rau cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau silicon, carbon, thiab lwm yam, tau nkag siab tias muaj cov txheej txheem sib cais nyob rau hauv.Qhov tseeb, ob qho tib si melting thiab dissolving txheej txheem tshwm sim ib txhij, nrog cov txheej txheem dissolving txhawb cov txheej txheem melting.
Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov hlau tawg.
Ua ntej, qhov siab dua qhov kub, qhov zoo dua qhov kev sib cais yog.
Qhov thib ob, nws muaj feem xyuam rau thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom uas tau yaj, qhov loj dua qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw, qhov ceev ntawm qhov tawg.
Lub dissolution tus nqi ntawm cov hlau kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub zog ntawm lub yaj.Thaum cov yaj ntws, qhov kev sib cais yog ntau dua li ntawm cov hlau hauv qhov zoo li qub, thiab cov yaj ntws sai dua, qhov kev sib cais yuav nrawm dua.
Dissolution thiab Alloying
Thaum cov alloys tau ua ntej, nws tau xav tias melting yuav tsum pib nrog cov khoom uas nyuaj rau yaj (thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus siab melting).Piv txwv li, thaum cov tooj liab-nickel alloys ntawm 80% thiab 20% npib tsib xee tau ua ntej, cov npib tsib xee nrog lub melting point ntawm 1451 ° C yog thawj melted thiab ces tooj liab ntxiv.Ib txhia yaj tooj liab thiab kub rau 1500 ℃ ua ntej ntxiv nickel rau melting.Tom qab txoj kev xav ntawm alloys tau tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txoj kev xav ntawm kev daws, ob txoj kev melting saum toj no raug tso tseg.
Deposition ntawm cov khoom tsis-alloying
Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau kev nce ntxiv thiab nag lossis daus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis-alloying hauv cov hlau thiab alloys.
Impurities coj mus rau hauv tus nqi hlau
Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem pov tseg hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm peb lub Hoobkas tau siv ntau zaus, cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurity ntsiab hauv tus nqi yuav nce ntxiv vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj.Raws li kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv lossis siv ntau cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom nrog lub hauv paus tsis meej, qhov ua tsis zoo thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam tau feem ntau txawm tias tsis muaj tseeb.
Kev xaiv tsis raug ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Qee cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov yaj yuav chemically react nrog lawv nyob rau hauv lub melting kub.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-18-2022